Welcome to the tumor targeting simulation page hosted by the Wittrup lab at MIT. The goal of this site is to aid researchers in the design and interpretation of preclinical targeting studies in mice by computationally predicting the total uptake and penetration distance of antigen binding molecules in solid tumors. The predictions are based on a series of published models summarized in Thurber et al. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 29(2): 57-61, 2008 and Thurber et al.. Adv Drug Deliv Review. 60(12): 1421-34. Please send comments or questions to Mike Schmidt at mms@mit.edu.

** The model was updated on 9/23/09 to incorporate a more accurate permeability term and better estimates for the size-dependent parameters. Some predictions may be different from earlier versions of the model.


Step 1: Select molecular format or size:

Since many transport parameters such as capillary permeability, internsitial diffusivity, and plasma clearance are related to molecular size, these parameters can be estimated for a given targeting molecule based on its molecular weight and data in the literature. Either select the format of your molecule from the list of common targeting agents below or enter its molecule weight to have the model fill in the size-dependent parameters. The parameter estimates are valid for proteins and other hydrophilic molecules between 1 and 500 kDa in size.

Select molecule format:

-or-

Enter the molecular weight of the molecule here in kDa:


Step 2: Enter remaining parameters:

Please fill in the remaining parameters describing characteristics of your targeting molecule and tumor model, and select a single exponential or bi-exponential description of plasma clearance. Typical values for targeting experiments reported in the literature are provided to help fill in unknown parameters. Parameter estimates based on the molecular size or format entered in Step 1 can also be changed. Once all parameters have been entered, click the submit button at the bottom of the page to predict tumor uptake.

Parameter Value Units Notes
Dose ([Ab]) Micrograms
Typical values: 10 - 200 μg
Antigen conc. ([Ag]) Molecules per cell
Typical values: 5E5 - 2E6 for targets like CEA and HER2
Affinity (KD) Molar
Typical values: 1E-12 - 1E-7 M
Cellular internalization half-time (T1/2_ke)
Hours
Typical values: 8 hours for α-HER2, 15 hours for α-CEA, 70 hours for α-A33
Label catabolism and efflux half-time (T1/2_deg) Hours
Typical values: 2 hours for 125I label, 40 hours for 99mTc
Capillary permeability (P)
cm/s
t
Interstitial diffusivity (D)
cm2/s
t
Void fraction (ε)
 
t
Single exponential plasma clearance half time (T1/2kclear) Hours
Bi-exponential plasma clearance alpha fraction (A)  
Check here to use a bi-exponential description of plasma clearance
Bi-exponential plasma clearance alpha half time (T1/2alpha) Hours
t
Bi-exponential plasma clearance beta fraction (B)  
t
Bi-exponential plasma clearance beta half time (T1/2beta) Hours
t
Capillary radius (Rcapillary) Micrometers
Typical values: 6-10 μm
Average intercapillary half-distance (RKrogh) Micrometers
Typical values: 50-100 μm
Simulation time Hours
t